دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اثر غلطت ازن بنیتروژن خاک از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثرات غلطت ازن بر متفاوت بودن چرخه نیتروژن خاک میان ارقام گندم
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Elevated ozone effects on soil nitrogen cycling differ among wheat cultivars
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The concentrations of ozone (O3) in the troposphere have been rising from about 10 ppb during pre-industrial times to 25–40 ppb today, due to rapid industrial development and anthropogenic activities, and are predicted to increase by 40–70% by the year 2100 (Dentener et al., 2006). Ozone is an extremely phytotoxic pollutant that could decrease plant growth, yield, quality and cause loss of some species (Ainsworth, 2008; Feng et al., 2008) by suppressing photosynthesis, inducing foliar damage and accelerating leaf senescence (Dermody et al., 2006). Elevated O3 may significantly change plant litter inputs, decomposition, root turnover and carbon exudation and alter belowground microbial ecological processes, leading to altered ecosystem C and N cycling rates (Wittig et al., 2009; Betzelberger et al., 2010; Simpson et al., 2014). However, little is known about the effects of elevated O3 on soil N dynamics, and most previous studies have focused on forest species (Holmes et al., 2003, 2006). Global economic losses induced by elevated O3 on four major crops (wheat, soybean, rice and maize) were estimated to range from 14 to 26 billion US dollars on the basis of world market prices for the year 2000, and about 40% of this damage occurred in China and India (Van Dingenen et al., 2009). By 2030, total global agricultural losses (soybean, maize, and wheat) are estimated to reach 17–35 billion US dollars (Avnery et al., 2011). Wheat is one of the staple food crops in the world supporting nearly two-thirds of the world population, with an annual production of more than 650 million metric tons and a harvested area of over 200 million hectares worldwide (FAO, 2008). Elevated O3 significantly decreased wheat growth and yield (Pleijel et al., 2006; Sarkar and Agrawal, 2010; Feng et al., 2011; Zhu et al., 2011). Wheat grain yield loss induced by elevated O3 lies in the range of 18–29% according to a meta-analysis of 53 published studies between 1980 and 2007 (Feng et al., 2008). Elevated O3 has been shown to decrease photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and dry matter production (Andersen, 2003; Biswas et al., 2008; Zhu et al., 2011) in O3-sensitive species and cultivars, causing reduced plant litter input and C allocation to roots (Bortier et al., 2000).
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کلمات کلیدی:
The rhizosphere and hyphosphere differ in their impacts on carbon ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13122/full by IC Meier - 2015 - Cited by 14 - Related articles Oct 28, 2014 - Secondly, N cycling has been accelerated under elevated CO2 as a result ... Finally, in a recent model of soil C and N dynamics under elevated ... Nitrogen Cycle, Sulfur Cycle; Tropospheric Ozone www.meteor.iastate.edu/gccourse/alumni/chem/nitro/text.html Natural sources include oceans, tropical soils, wet forests, dry savannas, and ... the earth/ocean/atmosphere environment, we need to look at the nitrogen cycle, ... Nitrous oxide, on the other hand, follows a different pathway: it experiences no .... target for the adverse effects of elevated ozone concentrations (Figure 13). Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies: Proceedings of the 8th ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9401154503 O. van Cleemput, G. Hofman, A. Vermoesen - 2012 - Nature out of different soils Annick Vermoesen, Cornelis-Jan de Groot, Lode Nollet, Pascal ... The effect of nitrate and ammonium application (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg N kg ... and thus contribute to the destruction of stratospheric ozone (Crutzen, 1981). Effects of elevated [O3] on wheat with different ozone... - Figure 3 of 8 https://www.researchgate.net/.../43310452_fig5_Figure-3-Effects-of-elevated-O3-on-... See figure: 'Figure 3: Effects of elevated [O3] on wheat with different ozone. ... Elevated ozone effects on soil nitrogen cycling differ among wheat cultivars. World Atlas of Atmospheric Pollution - Page 81 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=085728844X Ranjeet S. Sokhi - 2008 - Reference The effects of acidification, nitrogen deposition and ozone on terrestrial ecosystems, ... thresholds – so-called critical loads – for long-term effects on forest soils. ... intensive monitoring plots across Europe, the input and output of different N ... The latter situation indicates a clear disturbance in the N cycle in response to the ... People also ask What is the main source of anthropogenic nitrous oxide in the troposphere? How does the use of fertilizers affect the nitrogen cycle? Why did the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere increase? How do human activities affect the nitrogen cycle? Feedback
