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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثر دیافراگم متناقض در دوران تیر اهن بیرونی در طول عرشه ساختمانی اورهنگ
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Effect of Inconsistent Diaphragms on Exterior Girder Rotation During Overhang Deck Construction
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Bridge engineers generally use the fewest number of steel girders possible across the roadway width to reduce construction costs. In nearly every case, bridge deck extends past the exterior girders to increase the effective width of the deck. The extended width or deck overhang is shown in Fig. 1. During construction, loads from the plastic concrete and construction equipment on the overhang deck can cause excessive exterior girder rotation leading to a loss of deck thickness as well as instabilities during construction, to name a few. The overhang deck formwork is supported by steel brackets resting against the exterior girders at a spacing of 120 cm (4 ft) to 180 cm (6 ft) over the full length of the bridge (shown in Fig. 2). The main function of these brackets is to transfer the overhang construction loads to the exterior girders. If the girders are not properly braced, these loads can lead to changes in deck thickness as well as local and global instabilities [1]. Steel plate girders with slender webs subjected to axial loads are inherently susceptible to instability or buckling [2,3] making local instabilities a major concern for plate girder bridges subject to additional eccentric loads [4,5,6,7]. On the other hand, global instability is a significant issue for concrete girders where their rotational stiffness leads to rigid body rotation [8,9]. There have been several studies to evaluate commercially available overhang brackets and hangers to limit rotation [10,11,12], although girder rotation continues to be a concern. Rotations in exterior girders primarily depend on the geometric and structural properties of the plate girder [13,14,15]. Determining the transverse rotation of exterior girders and characterizing the effect of the rotation on the bridge is a crucial issue for bridge designers and construction engineers. In construction, girder rotations are affected by the bridge geometry, torsional stiffness of the girders, the lateral support system, and the connection details [16,17]. In particular, rotation (as shown in Fig. 3) primarily depends on the overhang deck width, diaphragm spacing, total construction loads acting on the deck overhang, and the effectiveness of the lateral bracing system used to prevent rotation during construction. In general, construction loads include the weight of fresh concrete, screed rails, overhang formwork, and construction live loads. It is possible to reduce the load effect by placing the screed rails directly over the exterior girders rather than placing them on the overhang formwork. However, most contractors prefer to place the rails on the overhang formwork to simplify concrete placement, consolidation and finishing [18] as shown in Fig. 4.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Styrenes—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition: ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1481680382 2013 - Science ... active features, many microfluidic systems use exterior syringe, diaphragm, ... of components that will ease the effects of these volumetric inconsistencies. Effectiveness of Exterior Beam Rotation Prevention ... - ICT Apps https://apps.ict.illinois.edu/projects/getfile.asp?id=4976 by M Ashiquzzaman - 2016 - Related articles Jun 30, 2016 - Overhang width, exterior girder rotation, rotation prevention ... Construction loads were observed to have a significant effect on exterior girder ...... Group 2—Inconsistent diaphragm spacing across the width of the bridge. Li Hui - Google Scholar Citations scholar.google.com/citations?user=RfkAEi0AAAAJ&hl=en Effect of Inconsistent Diaphragms on Exterior Girder Rotation During Overhang Deck Construction. M Ashiquzzaman, L Hui, A Ibrahim, W Lindquist, M Thomson, ... Md Ashiquzzaman - Google Scholar Citations scholar.google.com/citations?user=RPoYWggAAAAJ&hl=en Saint Louis University - slu.edu Effect of Inconsistent Diaphragms on Exterior Girder Rotation During Overhang Deck Construction. M Ashiquzzaman, L Hui, A Ibrahim, W Lindquist, M Thomson, ... Textbook of Small Animal Surgery https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0721686079 Douglas H. Slatter - 2003 - Veterinary surgery Direct Gastrointestinal Effects Dramatically increased intraluminal gastric ... of the exterior gastric wall are stretched or avulsed during stomach distention ... Direct Respiratory Effects As the stomach distends, it pushes cranially on the diaphragm, ... dilation with volvulus,169- 267 although the finding is inconsistent clinically. Structural Design of Lateral Resistance to Wind and Earthquake for ... https://www.nachi.org/structural-design-lateral-resistance-wind-earthquake-inspectors.... to provide a system of shear walls, diaphragms, and interconnections to transfer lateral loads .... System factors account for material effects in various wall assemblies, wall ... The results are reasonably consistent with those reported above. .... lateral component of the wind load acting on the exterior surfaces of the building.
