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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثر تابش اشعه گاما بر اجتماع بیولوژیکی خاک و مخزن C و N در خاک لوم رسی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Effects of gamma irradiation on soil biological communities and C and N pools in a clay loam soil
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Sterilized soil is often used to study soil biota and their function in biogeochemical cycle. The most commonly used sterilization techniques include steam autoclaving (Berns et al., 2008; Egli et al., 2006), freezing-thawing (Chelinbo et al., 2014; Hyvönen and Persson, 1996) and chemical agents (e.g. formaldehyde, methyl bromide and chloroform) (Trevors, 1996; Tuominen et al., 1994). But these techniques may cause irreversible changes in soil structure and chemical properties (Berns et al., 2008; Egli et al., 2006; Trevors, 1996). Irradiation is emerging as a promising technique because of its minimal soil disturbance (Bank et al., 2008; Berns et al., 2008; McLaren et al., 1962; McNamara et al., 2003; Trevors, 1996). It has been widely employed in the recolonisation experiments (Buchan et al., 2013), soil enzymeactivity (Knight and Dick., 2004; McLaren et al., 1962) and biodegradation experiments (Kelsey et al., 2010; Razavi darbar and Lakzian, 2007). The sensitivity of soil organisms to gamma irradiation varies from species to species. The resistance threshold to gamma irradiation for most of the actinomycetes, fungi and invertebrates is around 10 kGy, and the majority of bacteria are eliminated at 20 kGy (Johnson and Osborne, 1964; McNamara et al., 2003; Voets et al., 1965; Zaitsev et al., 2014). This gives a possibility to selectively eliminate the target organism by changing the dose applied. Only one or two successful applications of this selective sterilization technique have been completed by Buchan et al. (2012, 2013), who recommended that 5 kGy is sufficient to eliminate soil nematodes and leave microbes intact. But, this dose is facing a tough challenge of reproducibility when it was applied to different soils or soil fauna groups (Gebremikael et al., 2015). Therefore, investigating the radio-sensitivity of soil organisms on a broader range of soil types would be beneficial to promoting the development of selective sterilization technique. The release of nutrients from dead soil organisms, and the depolymerization of polysaccharide and lignin from solid organic matter after irradiation could result in changes in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools (McNamara et al., 2003; Razavi darbar and Lakzian, 2007). These undesired changes may lead to an overestimation of the contribution of re-inoculated organism to soil C and N pools (Buchan et al., 2012; Gebremikael et al., 2015; McNamara et al., 2003). Although a few studies found a steep increase in the dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) after irradiation (Buchan et al., 2012; Marschner and Bredow, 2002; Niedrée et al., 2012), there is still limited information about the changes in various soil C and N pools induced by irradiation. In order to evaluate the impacts of gamma irradiation on soil microfauna and soil C and N pools, we conducted a microcosm experiment using a clay loam soil (Typic Hapludoll). Our objectives were: (1) to elucidate the impacts of a range of gamma doses on soil biotic communities (soil microbes, nematodes and collembola) and soil C and N pools (extracted with salt and acid solution), and (2) to find an optimal dose that could effectively eliminate soil fauna and maintain a comparable soil C and N pools and soil microbial community compared with unsterilized soils.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Sterilization of Soil by Irradiation and Some Further Observations on ... https://dl.sciencesocieties.org › Publications › Soil Science Society of America Journal by AD McLaren - 1962 - Cited by 59 - Related articles As an introduction to the study of radiation-sterilized soil as a medium for ... of gamma irradiation on soil biological communities and C and N pools in a clay ... The Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Microbial Population of the Soil https://dl.sciencesocieties.org › Publications › Soil Science Society of America Journal by H Popenoe - 1962 - Cited by 33 - Related articles Carbon dioxide evolution was initially reduced by irradiation of the soil. ... Effects of gamma irradiation on soil biological communities and C and N pools in a ... A Caribbean Forest Tapestry: The Multidimensional Nature of ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0195334698 Nicholas Brokaw - 2012 - Nature Geomorphology, disturbance, and the vegetation and soils of two subtropical ... Canopy invertebrate community response to disturbance ... C and N mineralisation in the decomposer food webs of a European forest transect. ... At what temporal scales does disturbance affect belowground nutrient pools ... gamma irradiation. Search Results - Xiaoming Jia - Easy Find ezfind.technion.ac.il/vufind/EDS/Search?lookfor=Xiaoming+Jia&type=AU... ... of gamma irradiation on soil biological communities and C and N pools in a ... In vitro adaptation and genome analysis of a sub-subgenotype 2.1c isolate of ... Historical precipitation predictably alters the shape and magnitude of ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13219/full Feb 25, 2016 - Global Change Biology .... Our broad hypothesis was that microbial communities in historically ... Soil C and N pools, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities ... Specifically, we irradiated soils with 40 kGy of gamma irradiation (sensu Buchan et al., 2012) at the TAMU E-Beam Facility, College Station TX. Ecological Communities and Processes in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0521021413 Philip W. Rundel, Arthur C. Gibson - 2005 - Nature Philip W. Rundel, Arthur C. Gibson ... IBP (International Biological Program) desert sites ix, xvi i perennial densities 92%) ... intershrub space foraging (rodent)i foraging patterw0 lizard foraging 182 nitrogen pool 279-8()i seed density MMGS, fit), ... soil 31-3, 34 ion exchange 32-3, mt) ionizing radiation: see beta and gamma ...
