دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اثر آموزش بر تحرک شغلی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تاثیر آموزش بر تحرک شغلی در اسپانیا
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The impact of education on intergenerational occupational mobility in Spain
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله اثر آموزش بر تحرک شغلی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Theoretical background and hypothesis
This study is an empirical research that analyses the influence on a set of covariates on intergenerational occupational mobility through the specification and estimation of an econometric model. Therefore, the first hypothesis of this investigation is that social mobility in Spain is not a homogenous phenomenon among individuals and depends mainly on their personal and labour characteristics. The explanatory variables included are: the highest degree of education completed by the individual (that is, his/her educational attainment), gender, geographic origin (individuals are classified depending on their country of birth: Spain, A. Caparrós Ruiz / Journal of Vocational Behavior 92 (2016) 94–104 95 European Union country or another foreign country), potential labour experience computed as the number of years from the individual started working regularly, labour market status (unemployed, self-employed or different categories of wage earners depending on their type of working day and contract), and the region of residence. The inclusion of these regressors in the model is justified by the predictions postulated by the sociological and economic literature, the rest of the hypothesis of this study is based on such theoretical background and is developed below. In relation to education, the assumption proposed is that this variable influences positively on upward intergenerational occupational mobility. This supposition is based on the Human Capital Theory (Becker, 1964) and the Theory of Career Mobility (Sicherman & Galor, 1990). These theories posit, on the one hand, that the acquisition of human capital favours individuals to start their working careers in higher-level occupations, since the occupational hierarchy depends positively on the level of qualification. On the other hand, education is positively related to the possibility of getting best labour market opportunities and, therefore, with the probability of upward occupational mobility. Anyway, the success of human capital depends on the evolution of the matching between the formal knowledge acquired in the educational system and the professional profiles required by the productive system. Therefore, the third hypothesis proposed is that the evolution of the educational system may alter the influence of education on intergenerational occupational mobility, and this is the main reason why the sample of individuals is splitted into two broad birth cohorts. Finally, other interesting aspect related to the educational background is the investment in firm-specific human capital, which is considered as relevant to explain the increase of workers' productivity and their promotions (e.g. Prendergast, 1993). In this study, training investment is approached by the potential labour market experience, and the hypothesis proposed is that this variable has a positive effect on upward intergenerational occupational mobility. Concerning the rest of characteristics, the assumptions are referred to the appearance of dissimilarities or inequalities among subgroups of population according to the access to higher-level occupations due to the existing peculiarities in the Spanish labour market such as the different rates of participating between men and women, the segregation occupational and the presence of segments in the labour force. To put this argument into context, it is necessary to provide an overview of the Spanish labour market at the end of the first decade of the 21st century. The economic crisis that began in 2007 generated an intense process of job destruction. Thus, the unemployment rate increased from 8.3% in 2007 to 20% in 2010. In this economic setting, the female participation rate in the labour market did not exceed the 55% and was 15 percentage points lesser that the one corresponding to men. However, in some cases, the distribution of women to medium or higher-level occupations showed higher percentages than in men. For example, the 20% (13%) of employed women (men) were in the occupational category “scientific and technicians”. Other characteristics of the Spanish labour market are the precariousness of the employment relationships (with a temporary employment rate around 25%) and the high presence of foreign workers. In particular, the composition of the employed population according to geographic origin was substantially altered during the first decade of the 21st century since the immigrant population increased from 923,879 in 2000 to 5,747,764 in 2010. These aspects of the Spanish labour market fit properly within the framework in which the Structural or Dual Labour Market Theory is developed (Doeringer & Piore, 1971; Thurow, 1975). According to this theory, the labour market is separated in two segments: primary and secondary. Workers belonging to the first segment have stable jobs, high probability of upward occupational mobility and high wages. On the contrary, in the second segment, the employment relationships are unstable, low-paid and with little prospect of promotion. In sum, the theoretical background mentioned and the own characteristics of the Spanish labour market will support the explanations of the results obtained after estimating the econometric models proposed.
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله اثر آموزش بر تحرک شغلی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
The Intergenerational Effects of Changes in Women's Educational ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by RD Mare - 2006 - Cited by 105 - Related articles The effect of the socioeconomic characteristics in one generation on the socioeconomic achievement of the next generation is the central concern of social ... [PDF]Education, Intergenerational Mobility and Inequality Nathalie ... - ecineq www.ecineq.org/milano/wp/ecineq2012-261.pdf by N Chusseau - 2012 - Cited by 22 - Related articles basic tools of education and intergenerational mobility modelling are ... This reveals the crucial impact of family backgrounds on educational attainment in all. [PDF]The Moderating Effect of Higher Education on Intergenerational ... - IZA ftp.iza.org/dp9557.pdf by E de Vuijst - 2015 - Cited by 3 - Related articles of Labor. DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES. The Moderating Effect of Higher Education on. Intergenerational Spatial Inequality. IZA DP No. 9557. December 2015. The Intergenerational Effects of Education on Delinquency Aaron ... econ.hunter.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/.../Chalfin_Deza_compulsory2016.pdf by A Chalfin - Related articles The Intergenerational Effects of Education on Delinquency. Aaron Chalfin1. University of Pennsylvania. Monica Deza. University of Texas at Dallas. Abstract.
