دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اثر آبشاری عنکبوت در شبکه غذایی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تاثیرات آبشاری عنکبوت ها در شبکه غذایی کف جنگل در مواجهه با تغییرات زیست محیطی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Cascading effects of spiders on a forest-floor food web in the face of environmental change
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The forest floor is a complex and dynamic biological system in which macro-, meso-, and micro-invertebrates occur together with microorganisms and collectively influence key soil processes (Ohta, Niwa, Agetsuma, & Hiura 2014; Potapov, Semenyuk, & Tiunov 2014). Free-living predators, such asspiders,salamanders, ground beetlesinhabit the forest floor, playing key rolesin regulating populations of othersoil fauna, and thus have indirect effects on ecosystem functions such as litter decomposition and primary productivity (Best & Welsh 2014; Cardoso, Pekar, Jocque, & Coddington 2011; Zhao, Griffin, Wu, & Sun 2013). Forinstance,Best and Welsh (2014) demonstrated that woodland salamanders suppressed some invertebrate taxa, therefore increased leaf litter retention and facilitated carbon capture in a northern California forest. Spiders represent a large fraction of arthropod predator biomass in forests-floor ecosystem and previous studies have found thatspiders have cascading effects on forest-floor food webs(Lawrence & Wise 2000, 2004; Liu,Chen, He, Hu, & Yang 2014; Miyashita & Niwa 2006), but no general pattern of effects has emerged. Lawrence and Wise (2000) and Liu et al. (2014) found that litter decomposition rates were reduced in field enclosures with spiders in comparison to spider-absent control enclosures, a finding attributed to predation on Collembola by spiders. In contrast, Lawrence and Wise (2004) reported that spiders accelerated decomposition rates. Miyashita and Niwa (2006) showed that reduced spider abundance increased Collembola density, but it did not change litter decomposition rates. Some differences among findings are likely to derive from different foraging strategies of spiders among studies. Foraging strategies of spiders, whether actively foraging or sit-and-wait predators, may determine their ability to suppress soil fauna densities by shaping the probability of encountering prey (Schmitz 2008, 2009). Scharf, Lubin, and Ovadia (2011) predicted thatsedentary prey were more likely to be captured by widely foraging predators, while sit-andwait predators were more likely to encounter and consume mobile prey. Therefore, predator foraging strategy could be a key functional trait explaining variation in cascading effect of spiders in detrital food webs (Miller, Ament, & Schmitz 2014; Schmitz 2008). Precipitation is another factor that has not been investigated adequately with regard to detrital spider–food-web interactions, but which can be an important determinant of the strength of trophic cascade effects in detritus-based food webs (Lensing & Wise 2006). Meanwhile, droughts could become more frequent and intense in Yunnan, southwestern China, which might be caused by the El Nino/Southern ˜ Oscillation (ENSO), an atmospheric circulation system that originates in the western Pacific Ocean and brings rainfall to Southeast Asia (Qiu 2010). Changesin precipitation amounts can directly alter soil moisture which strongly influences soil fauna reproduction and development rates(Waagner, Bayley, & Holmstrup 2011). Furthermore, drought can directly modify soil fauna community composition and abundance by altering soil microclimate, and indirectly by altering resource availability and composition of the soil food web (de Vries et al. 2012; Kardol, Reynolds, Norby, & Classen 2011). Therefore, a prolonged drought period may affect the sign of spider-induced cascading effect in detritus-based food webs. Here we report on an experiment examining the effects of spiders with two different foraging strategies, actively hunting (AH) and sit-and-wait (SW), on invertebrate densities and decomposition rate of leaf litter. We conducted an experiment in microcosms mimicking the tropical rainforest floor ecosystem to test the following hypotheses: (1) sit-andwait spiders could be more likely to encounter and consume mobile soil fauna, while actively hunting spiders could consume the majority of soil fauna; (2) thus actively hunting spiders may have stronger cascading effectsthan sit-and-wait spiders on litter decomposition rates; (3) drought influences the direction of spider-induced cascades in detritus-based food webs.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Spiders' Foraging Strategies Have Cascading Effects on Litter ... english.cas.cn/newsroom/research_news/201508/t20150803_151050.shtml Aug 3, 2015 - Spiders in tropical forest floors have two common distinct foraging strategies: wandering (species that do not build webs to capture prey) which ... Cascading effects of spiders on a forest-floor food web in the face of ... sourcedb.scib.cas.cn/zw/zlwk/201703/t20170301_4753789.html Translate this page Mar 1, 2017 - 英文论文题目: Cascading effects of spiders on a forest-floor food web in the face of environmental change. 第一作者: Liu SJ, Chen J, Gan WJ, ... Predicted climate change alters the indirect effect of predators on an ... www.pnas.org/content/103/42/15502.full by JR Lensing - 2006 - Cited by 79 - Related articles Oct 17, 2006 - In a forest-floor system, experimentally reducing spider numbers .... The effect of rainfall on the spider-initiated cascade differed between sites. Insect Ecology: Behavior, Populations and Communities https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1139504436 Peter W. Price, Robert F. Denno, Micky D. Eubanks - 2011 - Science The terrestrial cascade starts strongly but becomes diverted to a trickle when it ... documented variable and complex effects of spiders on forest-floor leaf-litter ... [PDF]The effect of forest stand characteristics on spider diversity and ... www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v42_n2/arac-42-2-135.pdf also initiate cascading effects in the food chain; spiders preying on decomposers ... The species distribution of forest-floor spiders is significantly affected by litter ... Functional redundancy dampens the trophic cascade effect of a web ... ir.xtbg.org.cn/.../Functional%20redundancy%20dampens%20the%20trophic%20cascade... by S Liu - 2016 - Related articles Apr 8, 2016 - Spiders. Tropical forest-floor. Litter decomposition. a b s t r a c t. The trophic cascade effect of predators on ecosystem functioning is generally ...
