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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
راه اندازی سریع روند آنانوکس توسط فاقد نیترات کردن لجن گرانولار و مکانیزم زنجیره انتقال الکترون آناموکس
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Rapid start-up of the anammox process by denitrifying granular sludge and the mechanism of the anammox electron transport chain
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Since the first discovery of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor in the early 1990’s, the anammox process has become a promising technology for removing nitrogen contaminants [1]. Anammox bacteria oxidize NH4 + under anaerobic conditions using NO2 − as an electron acceptor to produce N2 [2]. Compared with conventional biological nitrogen removal processes, the anammox process can reduce aeration by 64%, exogenous electron donors by 100% and sludge production by 80–90% [3]. For these reasons, the anammox process is considered to be a novel and sustainable biological nitrogen removal technique. More than 100 full-scale anammox plants exist around the world [4]. However, the adaption of the anammox process to the treatment of wastewaters has been difficult. A major obstacle for the application of the anammox process is the requirement ofa long start-up time due to the relatively long doubling time of anammox bacteria. Therefore, methods for decreasing or shortening the start-up period of anammox reactors have been the subject of increasing interest. During the past few years, efforts to shorten the start-up time have focused on selecting suitable reactor types, trying different types of seed sludge, and using different types of bacteria carriers. Several types of seed sludge, including conventional activated sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP), denitrifying sludge, nitrifying sludge, and methanogenic granules, have been tested to enrich anammox bacteria. Denitrifying sludge and methanogenic granules have been shown to be more likely to achieve high anammox performance. However, the inoculation of methanogenic granules potentially leads to sludge breakdown in the initial start-up period [5]. For a rapid and successful anammox start-up process to work, a sufficient amount of seeding biomass is essential, and the inoculated biomass must be efficiently retained in the reactor. Anammox granular sludge exhibits significant advantages over flocculent sludge, especially in the aspects of enhancement of sludge retention and tolerance to fluctuation in external conditions [6]. Key enzyme activities and the growth rate of anammox bacteria are vital factors that affect the anammox process. Enhancingthe enzymatic activities could correspondingly increase anammox bacteria activities and expedite the start-up of an anammox reactor. The anammox process involves several key enzymes that convert NH4 + to N2, including nitrate reductase (NAR), nitrite reductase (NIR), hydrazine synthase (HZS) and hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), all of which are located inside anammoxosomes [7]. As respiratory chain blockers, inhibitors can block different sites for many biological processes. A number of studies have reported that inhibitors can affect several processes, including: iron (III) reduction[8],Cr (VI)degradation[9],denitrification[10],nitrogenase and bidirectional Hox-hydrogenase [11]. Several studies have focused on the key enzymes activities of anammox bacteria in attempts to increase their activity. However, the involvement of the anammox electron transport chain (AETC) and the connection between the AETC and key enzyme remain unclear. The effects of the AETC and those of the relationship between the AETC and key enzymes on a fast start-up anammox reactor should be investigated. The objective of this study was to hasten the start-up the anammox process by inoculating the denitrifying granular sludge mixed anammox bacteria in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The cultivation process of the denitrifying granular sludge was examined, and the characteristics of the sludge were analyzed. After mixing the anammox bacteria, concentrations of NH4 +-N, NO2 −-N and NO3 −-N during the anammox performance were assessed to provide more useful information for the anammox reactor operation. The other main aim of this study was to investigate the AETC by using different inhibitors. These findings may provide details on improving the start-up of the anammox process.
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کلمات کلیدی:
PDF]Rapid start-up of the anammox process: Effects of five ... - 外文文献下载 download.xuebalib.com/xuebalib.com.14081.pdf Denitrifying granular sludge. Start-up. Extracellular polymeric substances. Anammox bacteria activity. a b s t r a c t. This study investigated the rapid start-up of ... Rapid start-up of the anammox process: Effects of five ... - PubAg - USDA https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5536669 by J Guo - 2016 - Cited by 1 - Related articles Rapid start-up of the anammox process: Effects of five different sludge ... different biomass ratios of denitrifying granular sludge and anammox bacteria. [PDF]Rapid start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process ... eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/60732/1/Muhammad_Ali.pdf by M Ali - 2015 - Related articles Mar 25, 2015 - In denitrification process, heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria ... stable start-up of anammox process sufficient amount of active anammox biomass is required. In order to ..... FISH analysis of granular and immobilized biomass. (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19443994.2015.1063009?src=recsys Anammox enrichment has a long start-up period for the anammox process that ... oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor, FEMS Microbiol. ... the anammox process seeded with anaerobic granular sludge, J. Ind. Microbiol. ... J. Yao, Rapid enrichment and acclimation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation by ... 6. Rapid start-up of the anammox process by denitrifying granular ... en.ustc.findplus.cn/?h=articles&db=edselc&an=edselc.2...0... Translate this page Title: Rapid start-up of the anammox process by denitrifying granular sludge and the mechanism of the anammox electron transport chain. Authors: Guo, J.1,2
