دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین آنالیز ژنوتیپ ویروس آنفولانزای ایزوله شده از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
آنالیز ژنوتیپ و فنوتیپ ویروس های آنفولانزا ایزوله شده از بزرگسالان طی فاز دوم مطالعات زانامیویر داخل وریدی در افراد بستری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of influenza viruses isolated from adult subjects during a phase II study of intravenous zanamivir in hospitalised subjects
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Influenza infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality during epidemics and pandemics. Antivirals play an important role in the treatment of severely ill patients infected with influenza. Currently there are two classes of approved antivirals; adamantanes and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAI). There is wide spread resistance to adamantanes, therefore treatment with this class of drugs is not recommended (Dong et al., 2015). Currently four NAIs are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza infection; oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir (licensed in Japan only) and peramivir (licensed in China, Japan and South Korea). Resistance is a key factor that can affect the efficacy of NAIs (Li et al., 2015). Resistance to zanamivir is rare and has never been detected in viruses isolated from immunocompetent individuals treated with zanamivir. However, there have been five reported cases of viruses with reduced susceptibility to zanamivir isolated from immunocompromised patients; a resistant influenza B virus with amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin (HA) (T198I)and the NA (R152K) (Gubareva et al., 1998), four cases of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 viruses with NA substitutions, three with a I223R and one with an E119G that conferred reduced susceptibility to zanamivir (Nguyen et al., 2010; Rousset et al., 2010; van der Vries et al., 2010; Tamura et al., 2015). All of the approved NAIs are licensed for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza infection based on prospective controlled studies. However, there remains an unmet medical need for treatment of severely ill patients. Intravenous zanamivir (IVZ) is a NAI suitable for treatment of hospitalised patients with influenza and is currently being assessed for safety and efficacy in adults and children in phase II and III studies. Safety and antiviral efficacy of IVZ in the adult cohort of the phase II study has been reported previously (Marty et al., 2013; Peppercorn et al., 2013). Here, we report the phenotypic and genotypic analyses of viruses isolated from adult subjects in that phase II study for their susceptibility to zanamivir.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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