دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین آموزش عالی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
دسترسی به آموزش عالی: مقدمه برای موضوع خاص
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Access to higher education: Introduction to the special issue
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله آموزش عالی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی :
College enrollments have been rising around the world. In just the first decade after the millennium, participation rates in tertiary education rose by 10 percentage points or more in several regions including Europe, East Asia, and Latin America (Altbach, Reisberg, & Rumbley, 2009, p. 198). Enrollment trends in the United States, an early leader of the shift to mass tertiary education, appear relatively stagnant by comparison: the proportion of recent high school graduates enrolling immediately in some type of postsecondary education rose dramatically between 1960 and the late 1990s, but has remained relatively stable at about 66% since then (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014, Table 302.20). In the US and other countries where initial college entry rates have always been comparatively high, policy attention has increasingly shifted to the next frontier, namely college completion. In this context, a special issue devoted to college access in the United States might, at first glance, appear to be a bit behind the curve. It might be argued that the US is already doing a good job on the access front. We, however, would argue that college access should be defined broadly. To borrow from the subtitle of Caroline Hoxby’s (2004) influential edited volume, College Choices, “where to go, when to go, and how to pay for it” is just as important as whether an individual goes to college. Even if policymakers ultimately only cared about college completions, evidence indicates that the likelihood of completing college depends in part upon these many choices made on the access margin, and that these choices are often not made optimally. Second, even while levels of college enrollment have risen across the board, gaps in enrollment between high and low income families are actually greater for recent cohorts than for those born in the early 1960s (Bailey & Dynarski, 2011), and the college enrollment rates among black and Hispanic recent high school graduates in 2013 (57% and 60%, respectively) are only now reaching the same level as that of white Americans in 1989. Importantly, these gaps cannot be fully explained by differences in academic preparation. Thus, the US clearly has a ways to go before we can declare “mission accomplished” with respect to college access. This mission is important because there is compelling evidence regarding the value of postsecondary education. Rigorous quasi-experimental evidence suggests that an additional year of college leads to an increase in wages of approximately 9%, even for students at the margin. These wage returns are on top of possible gains in health, happiness, and positive social spillovers from having better educated more productive citizens (for a recent summary of the literature on pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to college, see Oreopoulos & Petronijevic, 2013). While a bachelor’s degree appears to offer the most substantial payoffs, two-year degrees (often in highly applied fields) also confer significant benefits, and even those who enter college but drop out without any degree do better on average than those who never enroll at all. In this special issue, we have gathered articles from some of the leading economists studying issues of college access, broadly defined. All articles were reviewed by at least two reviewers, including one of the issue editors. Lindsay Page and Judith Scott-Clayton open the issue with a review of the economic research on barriers to college access, and the effectiveness of policies designed to address these barriers. A contribution of their review is its recognition that financial aid is only one of several important and often intertwined college access strategies. Thus, in addition to reviewing the financial aid literature, they also summarize the evidence on informational and behavioral interventions, academic programs targeted to students in the transition to college, and affirmative action policies intended to reduce racial and socioeconomic gaps in college access.
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله آموزش عالی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
Access to Higher Education | The City of Liverpool College www.liv-coll.ac.uk/Access-to-Higher-Education--a179.html Welcome to the School of Access to Higher Education, and to the start of your academic journey to university. All of our Access to HE Diplomas are quality ... Access to Higher Education, Wigan and Leigh College https://www.wigan-leigh.ac.uk/area/0/Access+to+Higher+Education The Access to HE Diploma programmes, are well regarded amongst Universities across the UK. They are a fast-track route into higher education for mature ... University of Glasgow - Study - Short courses - Access Programme www.gla.ac.uk › Study › Short courses Our Access to higher education programme allows mature students a route in to studying for a degree. You should have been out of full-time education for at ... Access to Higher Education Courses - City College Brighton and Hove www.ccb.ac.uk › ... › Part-time Adult Courses in Brighton & Hove Access to Higher Education Courses in Brighton. Access Courses in Brighton and Hove. If you take out an advanced learner loan to study an Access to Higher ... Access to Higher Education - Westminster Kingsway College www.westking.ac.uk/coursetype/access-higher-education/ Westminster Kingsway College offers a wide range of Access to Higher Education Diploma courses for learners who wish to progress onto University Level ... Access to Higher Education Diploma - Agored Cymru www.agored.cymru/Learners/Access-to-Higher-Education-Diploma The Access to Higher Education Diploma is a national qualification. Searches related to Access to higher education access to higher education courses online access to higher education london microsoft access courses access to he diploma equivalent access course online free distance learning centre hr access foundation degree
