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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
آموزش اقتصاد در آموزش عالی: بررسی ادبیات روش بی وقفه “talk and chalk”
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Instruction of economics at higher education: A literature review of the unchanging method of “talk and chalk”
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
3. Findings
3.1. Nature and characteristics of a typical economics class The first theme focuses on studies that identify the characteristic(s) that are unique to an introductory economics class. In other words, what is unique about teaching economics as opposed to other college level classes? Most of the characteristics identified pertain to subject content; student expected preparedness, and other teacher expectations (Johnston, James, Lye, & McDonald, 2000; Smith, 2002). Despite the institutional differences, the size of class, or even the instructor's teaching load, teaching in economics is usually structured around formal mathematical and/or statistical models. Conceptually, introductory economics is perceived as boring by students, because they do not know the discourse of these mathematical models (Colander, 2000; Lay, 1993). This is further compounded by the fact that there is a perception that to learn economics successfully, students need to have the ability for both abstract thinking and application of learned materials. Students in economics are expected, and sometimes assumed, to be capable of expressing complex ideas logically and eloquently. However, the development of these skills is not easily learned, and students often feel intimidated when they are unable to meet this expectation. For example, Lay (1993), in a study to identify personal and institutional characteristics that signifi- cantly contributed to the use of mathematics in teaching principles of economics, found that some instructors use mathematics as a tool for eliminating potentially unsuccessful students from the major. Arguably, this may be the reason why, consequently, students end up viewing economics as a difficult course, which should be left to persons who are gifted in math. Caropreso and Haggerty (2000) states, “because economics is an abstract, theoretical field of study, beginning students especially find it difficult to learn the fundamental content” (p.1). A closely related factor is that most introductory economics classes use a standard textbook as the main resource for students' learning. The over-reliance on standard texts effectively places a restriction on instructors who may want to be innovative by soliciting ideas from other sources of learning, like the Internet, magazines, and/or movies, but feel obliged to follow the textbook contents as if it were a curriculum for the course. Because of the course content and textbook constraint, most economics professors prefer to lecture, instead of using other, more stimulating, techniques that are available and often used in other social science classes (Becker & Watts 2001a, b; Smith, 2002). 3.2. Instructor's attributes as a factor in teaching economics Several studies have explored attributes or qualities of an effective economics instructor (Dynan & Rouse, 1997; Finegan & Siegfried, 1998, 2000; Saunders, 2001). The typical image of a U.S. undergraduate economics teacher continues to be a male, Caucasian, Ph.D. degree-holder, who has not written or edited a book within the past five years, who lectures to a class of students as he writes text, equations, or graphs on the chalkboard, and who assigns students readings from a standard textbook (Becker & Watts, 2001a). A number of scholars (Boex, 2000; Finegan & Siegfried, 1998; Saunders, 2001) have researched different attributes of effective economics instructor separately, and arrived at varied conclusions. For example, data from student evaluation of instructors (SEI) at Georgia State University showed that the most important attribute of an effective instructor is organization and clarity of material (Boex, 2000).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Economics for a Higher Education (IREE) - The Economics Network https://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/iree/i3/becker.htm by WE Becker - 2004 - Cited by 52 - Related articles International Review of Economics Education, volume 3, issue 1 (2004), pp. ... in the Chronicle of Higher Education (Becker, 2001) and the Southern Economic Journal .... 475):'What most students (and people in general) need is instruction in ... [PDF]higher education at a - AAUP https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/2015-16EconomicStatusReport.pdf Many of the leading institutions of higher education have achieved sustained excellence .... Supplemental Instruction Program developed by the tenured faculty at the ... the long-term economic stability of the faculty.6 Academic freedom, tenure ... [PDF]A Study of Higher Education Instructional Expenditures - University of ... https://sites.udel.edu/ire/files/2015/04/NCES-report-Middaugh-et-al-14yu7gv.pdf Instructional Expenditures: The Delaware Study of Instructional Costs and Productivity. NCES 2003-161, ... This study of higher education costs was mandated by Congress ..... and E.L. Collins, Eds., The Economics of American Universities:. English as a medium of instruction in East Asia's higher education sector www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03050068.2016.1185269 by M Kedzierski - 2016 - Cited by 3 - Related articles Jump to English as a resource in East Asia's knowledge economy - By placing economic imperatives at the centre of education policy, including ... Massive open online forces - The Economist https://www.economist.com/...economics/21595901-rise-online-instruction-will-upen... Feb 8, 2014 - Teaching has been constrained by technology. Until recently a ... The rise of online instruction will upend the economics of higher education ... Economics education - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_education Economics education or economic education is a field within economics that focuses on two ... of alternative instructional techniques in economics, the level of economic literacy of ... education in Higher education contexts, and the non-profit Economics & Business Education Association (EBEA) for secondary education. [PDF]Higher Education Pedagogy - (CIDER) | Virginia Tech www.cider.vt.edu/conference/proceedings/2015ConferenceProceedings.pdf Feb 4, 2015 - minded educators regarding higher education instruction; and, ... In this time of economic challenge, it is essential that we maintain the highest ...
