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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
هدف قرار دادن پروتئین برای گلیکوژن به عنوان تنظیم کننده سنتز گلیکوژن در آستروسیت
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Protein targeting to glycogen is a master regulator of glycogen synthesis in astrocytes
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Glycogen is the main energy reserve in the central nervous system (CNS) and is localized primarily in astrocytes (Magistretti et al., 1993a). At the physiological level, the role of glycogen as an energy reserve in energy deficiency has been well documented (see e.g. Magistretti and Allaman, 2015 and references therein). More recent evidence also points to an important role played by astrocytic glycogen in higher brain functions in mammals such as learning and memory (Boury-Jamot et al., 2016; Duran et al., 2013; Gibbs, 2016; Newman et al., 2011; Obel et al., 2012; Suzuki et al., 2011). In particular, an activity-dependent mobilization of glycogen associated with astrocytic lactate production and transfer to neurons is crucial for the establishment of long term memory in rodents in an inhibitory avoidance learning paradigm (Gao et al., 2016; Steinman et al., 2016; Suzuki et al., 2011). A direct correlate of such observations is that tight regulation of glycogen metabolism, and in particular the maintenance of a releasable glycogen pool, is crucial to sustain such physiological processes. As in peripheral organs, cerebral glycogen mobilization and synthesis is under complex metabolic regulations involving both allosteric and covalent modifications and for which glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) represent the two central elements (see e.g. Allaman and Magistretti, 2015; Obel et al., 2012; Roach et al., 2012). In particular, protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation inactivates GS and activates GP, resulting in glycogenolysis and generation of glucose and glucose 6-phosphate whereas dephosphorylation of both enzymes leads to inactivation of GP and activation of GS allowing synthesis of glycogen from the precursor UDP-glucose. While phosphorylation of both GS and GP involves different set of kinases, protein phosphatase-1 (PPP1) is the enzyme responsible for dephosphorylation of both GS and GP. In order to be active, PPP1 must be bound to glycogen through PPP1 glycogen-binding subunits (Ceulemans et al., 2002; KorrodiGregorio et al., 2014). So far, at least seven distinct glycogenbinding subunit have been identified (PPP1R3A to G) which show specific cellular and tissue distributions (Ceulemans et al., 2002). The major ones include PPP1R3A (GM) which is muscle-specific (Suzuki et al., 2001), PPP1R3B (GL) which is the primary PPP1R3 expressed in the liver (Doherty et al., 1995), and the relatively widespread-ubiquitous isoforms PPP1R3C (PPP1R5 or PTG for protein targeting to glycogen) (Printen et al., 1997) and PPP1R3D (PPP1R6) (Armstrong et al., 1997). Interestingly, the gene encoding PTG is abundantly expressed in astrocytes of the CNS (Lovatt et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2014), and several lines of evidence suggested that PTG plays an important role in the regulation of glycogen metabolism in this cell type (Allaman et al., 2000, 2003; Petit et al., 2013; Vilchez et al., 2007).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Protein targeting to glycogen is a master regulator of ... - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/.../308956541_Protein_targeting_to_glycogen_is_a_master... Feb 17, 2017 - The storage and use of glycogen, the main energy reserve in the brain, is a metabolic feature of astrocytes. Glycogen synthesis is regulated by ... Glycogen synthesis in the astrocyte: from glycogenin to proglycogen to ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8224611 by J Lomako - 1993 - Cited by 93 - Related articles FASEB J. 1993 Nov;7(14):1386-93. Glycogen synthesis in the astrocyte: from glycogenin to proglycogen to glycogen. Lomako J(1), Lomako WM, Whelan WJ, ... The energy hypothesis of sleep revisited - NCBI - NIH https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by MT Scharf - 2008 - Cited by 119 - Related articles Sep 3, 2008 - They suggested that alterations in astrocytic glycogen and ... the role of glycogen and adenosine in addition to other aspects of regulation of brain energetics. .... during NREM sleep and may be caused by the synthesis of glycogen. ...... The unfolded protein response, acting through a master regulator, BiP ... Protein targeting to glycogen is a master regulator of glycogen ... - ISI-dl www.isi-dl.com/item/302770 ... wiley.com, worldscientific.com. SEARCH. Protein targeting to glycogen is a master regulator of glycogen synthesis in astrocytes. sciencedirect.com. Source ... IBRO | IBRO Reports, Open Access Journal ibro.info/news/ibro-reports-open-access-journal/ Jan 24, 2017 - Protein targeting to glycogen is a master regulator of glycogen synthesis in astrocytes (Volume 1, December 2016). (E. Ruchti, P.J. Roach, A.A. ... L-Glutamate and Insulin Enhance Glycogen ... - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730400.x/full by M Hamai - 1999 - Cited by 63 - Related articles Jul 1, 1999 - The effect of wortmannin on glycogen synthesis induced by insulin and L-glutamate was ... The rate of glycogen synthesis from glucose by the astrocytes was ..... (1990) demonstrated that regulation of protein phosphorylation and ..... glycogen is a master regulator of glycogen synthesis in astrocytes, IBRO ... Protein targeting to glycogen mRNA expression ... - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/.../(SICI)1098-1136(200006)30:4%3C382::AID-GLIA70%3E3... Apr 21, 2000 - Regulation of glycogen metabolism in astrocytes: physiological and pathological aspects. In: MurphyS, editor. Astrocytes: pharmacology and ... L-Glutamate and Insulin Enhance Glycogen Synthesis in Cultured ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730400.x/abstract by M Hamai - 1999 - Cited by 63 - Related articles Jul 1, 1999 - L-Glutamate and Insulin Enhance Glycogen Synthesis in Cultured Astrocytes from the Rat Brain Through Different Intracellular Mechanisms ... Protein targeting to glycogen mRNA expression ... - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/.../(SICI)1098-1136(200006)30:4%3C382::AID-GLIA70%3E3... by I Allaman - 2000 - Cited by 73 - Related articles In particular, glycogen synthesis involves activation by NA and VIP of the ... Using primary cultures of mouse cortical astrocytes, we observed that NA leads to ...
