دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین شخصیت اسکیزوتایپال از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
دریچه توجه در اسکیزوفرنی و شخصیت اسکیزوتایپال: بینش مطالعات آغازین منفی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Attentional window in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality: Insight from negative priming studies
سال انتشار : 2007
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
An inability to focus on the relevant stimuli while simultaneously ignoring the irrelevant stimuli is a cardinal feature of acute schizophrenia (McGhie & Chapman, 1962; Shakow, 1962). Patients with schizophrenia display weakened inhibition in a wide range of tasks (please see the introductory article in this special issue and Appendix A for definitions of the tasks): impaired sensory gating (McDowd, Filion, Harris, & Braff, 1993), reduced prepulse inhibition (Braff, Grillon, & Geyer, 1992), reduced latent inhibition (Baruch, Hemsley, & Gray, 1988), diminished Kamin blocking effect (Jones, Gray, & Hemsley, 1992), increased interference on the Stroop task (Carter, Mintun, Nichols, & Choen, 1997), increased errors on the anti-saccade task (Fukushima et al., 1988), and reduced or abolished negative priming (Beech, Powell, McWilliam, & Claridge, 1990; Park, Lenzenweger, Puschel, & Holzman, 1996). Disrupted inhibition allows irrelevant stimuli to intrude during information processing and disrupts goal-directed activities (e.g., Frith, 1992; Hemsley, 1987), thus contributing to the increased distractibility observed among schizophrenic patients. Such disruptions of inhibition can contribute to a wide range of cognitive and behavioral deficits as well as clinical symptomsof schizophrenia (Gray, Feldon, Rawlins, Hemsley, & D, 1991). Therefore, understanding abnormalities of attentional inhibition in schizophrenia may be central to elucidating the core features of the disorder. Intrusion of irrelevant stimuli into ongoing, goal-directed activities can occur temporally and spatially. If the task involves rapid information processing over time such as the continuous performance test (CPT) (e.g., Cornblatt, Lenzenweger, Dworkin, & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1985), “repetition blindness” (e.g., Kanwisher, 1987), or “attentional blink” (e.g., Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992), irrelevant distractors can intrude into target events in vulnerable individuals (see Fig. 1). Susceptibility to such interruptions is believed to be elevated in patients with schizophrenia as well as in individuals who may be at risk for schizophrenia. Distractors can intrude into the “spotlight” of attention. This “spotlight” of attention in schizophrenic patients is hypothesized to be distended or magnified over space (see Fig. 2), which reduces ability to ignore or inhibit distractors. In healthy individuals, both spatial and temporal control of attention is flexible and context-appropriate. In other words, healthy individuals are able to modulate and adjust the size of the attentional window over time and space to meet the changing demands of the environment. Such flexibility may be lacking in schizophrenia. In other words, the attentional “window” of schizophrenic patients can be conceptualized as wide and broad. A broad attentional window allows distractors to intrude upon information processing, and it is possible that impaired
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کلمات کلیدی:
Schizotypal Personality Disorder vs Schizophrenia - What's the ... theydiffer.com/difference-between-schizotypal-personality-disorder-and-schizophrenia/ Nov 17, 2015 - Schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder sound similar and they are often confused. To complicate matters, people with schizotypal ... Line between StPD and schizophrenia : Schizotypal Personality ... www.psychforums.com/schizotypal-personality/topic93987.html Jul 21, 2012 - 10 posts - 6 authors Schizotypy: Schizotypy is not degenerative at all, and is far less aggressive than schizophrenia. It's more of a constant, in that it doesn't get ... STPD and Pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia ... 10 posts 20 Apr 2016 schizotypal or schizophrenia, can you be both ... 10 posts 23 Sep 2014 Schizotypal or Simple Schizophrenic? No dx ... 10 posts 29 Mar 2013 More results from www.psychforums.com Schizotypal personality disorder - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizotypal_personality_disorder Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) or schizotypal disorder is a mental disorder ... Schizotypal personality disorder is widely understood to be a "schizophrenia spectrum" disorder. Rates of schizotypal personality disorder are much higher ... Searches related to schizophrenia and schizotypal personality difference between schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder schizophrenia personality disorder test schizophrenia vs schizotypal vs schizoid schizotypal personality disorder treatment schizotypal symptoms schizotypal personality disorder example schizotypal traits schizotypal personality disorder causes
