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عنوان فارسی مقاله:

پیش بینی خانواده: حفظ الگوهای سن


عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Household forecasting: Preservation of age patterns


سال انتشار : 2016



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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:


3. Estimations

 3.1. Lee–Carter We fitted Eq. (3) to the logit-fractions ξ2 to ξ6 by means of SVD, by age group (15–19, 20–24, . . . , 90–94, 95+) and sex, for the years 1996–2010. Fig. 2 plots the fit for the first and last years in the period. The fits are excellent, without exception. This is not surprising, because in each case (for instance men, m = 2) there are 17 age groups and 15 years of observations, making a total of 255 observations. These are modelled by 17 (for a(x)) + 17 (for b(x)) + 15 (for k(t)) = 49 parameters, which makes an extremely high parameters-to-observations ratio of 0.19. For later reference, note that the age profiles for m = 2 (COHMAR), m = 3 (MAR), and m = 4 (SIN0INST) cross between 1996 and 2010. The trend was downwards at some ages, but upwards at others. Fig. 3 plots annual estimates of the time index k(t) as dots, with an assumed RWD-process for k(t) as a straight line. The first row of the panel shows that living as a couple has become less frequent over the period, both for the combined household position of cohabiting and married (COHMAR; m = 2), and for the position married given that one lives with a partner (MAR; m = 3). Living alone or in an institution (SIN0INST; m = 4) has clearly become more frequent, particularly for men, which is driven by the increasing importance of living alone (SIN0; m = 5); cf. the second row of plots. There is no clear time pattern for lone fathers (SINp; third row), but lone mothers became more frequent from the beginning of the 21st century.



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