دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین توسعه سازمان پروژه از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
طراحی و توسعه سازمانی در یک پروژه تونل راه آهن بزرگ - تاثیر اکتشافات و ماتریس
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Realizing value from project implementation under uncertainty: An exploratory study using system dynamics
سال انتشار :2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله توسعه سازمان پروژه اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Theoretical background
Project implementation system aims to maintain a dynamic match between strategy and operations (Serra and Kunc, 2015; Slevin and Pinto, 1987). At the strategic level, organizational strategy can be broken down to the individual project's major targets (Lee et al., 2006), which we call ‘Expected Value’ (e.g. expected productivity or expected function of products); while at the tactical level, the real advance or development of the project (‘Realized Value’) is achieved. Both Expected Value and Realized Value can be defined as a single target or evaluated by multiple performance indicators. Uncertainties in the environment generate changes to the system. Strategic Change may arise at organizational level and then be interpreted as a variation in project's strategic targets. Meanwhile, the tactical uncertainty may cause disruptions and delays on project progress even without strategic changes. Thus, there may be situations where the strategic objective for the project cannot be achieved or the project is of little value to new strategic objectives. Remedial actions (i.e. adjustments to schedule priority or investment in additional funds or both) are required to mitigate the deviation (Loch and Kavadias, 2002). Thus the objective of this paper is to present a simulation study of behavioral remedial actions for on-going projects taken to minimize the deviation between Realized Value and Expected Value (see Fig. 1). 2.1. Uncertainty and its impact on project management There are always unforeseen events, which cannot be conceived or analyzed before projects progress, and have vital effects. If some uncertainties are unknown, how can they ever be planned for? Thus a great deal of research calls for moving from conventional project risk management (PRM) to events that ‘come out of the blue’ (Petit, 2012; Ramasesh and Browning, 2014). Cleden (2012) clarifies two categories of project risk and uncertainty, of which the ‘unfathomable uncertainty’ that is ill-understood in probability and impact is the context considered in this paper. When we consider unfathomable uncertainty, events happening without warning require a backward thinking and a ‘reactive’ way, i.e. remedial actions, to help mitigate the impacts on the development of the project. Uncertainty manifests in two aspects: evolving goals and disruptions and delays (D&D).
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله توسعه سازمان پروژه اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
International Journal of Project Management | Vol 35, Iss 3, Pgs 221 ... www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02637863/35/3 Corruption is under-researched in the project management literature ... Realizing value from project implementation under uncertainty: An exploratory study ... A Framework for Project Management under Uncertainty (PDF ... https://www.researchgate.net/.../255621356_A_Framework_for_Project_Management... Official Full-Text Paper (PDF): A Framework for Project Management under ... requires constant change, and implementing change entails the need to manage. Planning and Controlling Projects under Uncertainty article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajor.20150503.01.html by Z Laslo - 2015 - Related articles May 3, 2015 - Planning and Controlling Projects under Uncertainty .... Currently, PERT/CPM is implemented in praxis as the precedence diagramming ... Realizing value from project implementation under uncertainty : an ... https://www.wbs.ac.uk/research/explore/by/martin...project-implementation/85745/ Realizing value from project implementation under uncertainty : an exploratory study using system dynamics. Other • • Wang, L., Kunc, M. and Baic, S. • More ...
