دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تضعیف کننده ایمنی پپتید گریزان از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تعمیر آرتروسکوپی روتاتور کاف با انتشار کپسول همزمان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With Concomitant Capsular Release
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله تضعیف کننده ایمنی پپتید گریزان اینجا کلیک نمایید.
مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
. Introduction The role of soluble substances (first called ‘factors,’ later lymphokines and finally cytokines) in the generation and regulation of immune responses was first proposed in the 1960s (for additional details see [1]) along with the two-signal hypothesis of lymphocyte activation [2,3]. In the early 1970s, Gershon and colleagues suggested that a unique class of T-cells, termed suppressor cells, could negatively regulate immune responses [4]. This coincided with the explosive growth of studies around soluble factors (lymphokines) regulating immunity as illustrated in a series of workshops [5–8]. The simultaneous improvement in analytical tools in molecular biology (cloning and DNA sequencing) and protein chemistry (HPLC and improved protein sequencing) in the 1970s and early 1980s foreshadowed the areas genomics and proteomics. These new tools allowed the purification of factors and the determination that many, but certainly not all, were protein in nature. Molecular cloning techniques developed in the late 1970s– early1980s allowed investigators to confirm that many of these factors came from genes expressed during immune responses and led to their sequence identity being determined [5–8]. During this time, limited progress was made in the unambiguous determination of the biochemical nature of suppressor factors. The author worked diligently on this problem along with many colleagues from 1975 to 1990 [9]. By the late 1980s with a few exceptions, little clarity had been reached either in terms of the precise biochemical composition of these suppressor factors or their genetic origins. Complicating this work was the question of whether such factors showed antigen specificity (i.e. were antigen specific suppressor factors). It was clear that the suppressor T cells could show apparent antigen specificity, but all protein purification and cloning approaches failed to confirm that soluble suppressor factors could account for this [9]. In the meantime the nature of the antigen receptor on T-cells was discovered and characterized both at the gene and protein level. A precise link between the T-cell antigen receptor and the antigen-specific suppressor factors has yet to be unambiguously demonstrated [10–14]. This failure to identify the genetic source of antigen-specific suppressor factors led to a profound skepticism about this research topic [15]. This was further supported by the successful identification of cytokines such as TGF-b, interferons and IL-10 as suppressive cytokines that lacked antigen specificity [16–19]. A further complication came from observations that products of the eicosanoid pathway, e.g., prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as other small molecule ligands acting via G-protein coupled receptors could also function as non-specific regulators of immunity [20,21]. Thus it was clear that there were a plethora of ways in which immune cells could be regulated that did not require antigen specificity.
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله تضعیف کننده ایمنی پپتید گریزان اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
Concomitant Arthroscopic SLAP and Rotator Cuff Repair : JBJS journals.lww.com/.../2010/.../Concomitant_Arthroscopic_SLAP_and_Rotator_Cuff.4.asp... by B Forsythe - 2010 - Cited by 32 - Related articles Background: The outcomes of combined arthroscopic repairs of a SLAP (superior labral anterior-poster. Full Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears,Evaluation and Management ... www.mdedge.com/.../dsm/.../full-thickness-rotator-cuff-tearsevaluation-and-managemen... Jump to Arthroscopic RTC repair - ... of degree of fatty infiltration of rotator cuff muscle bellies ... be preferable if suspected concomitant labral tear repair ... 1 Evaluation and Treatment of Post-operative Shoulder ... - ISAKOS https://www.isakos.com/data/.../OUTLINE_EVENT_8369_MEMBER_ID_21958.pdf by KP Shea - Related articles Concomitant Labral. Repair. Early vs. Delayed Rehabilitation Protocol- balance ... treatment of postoperative stiffness following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Repair with Concomitant ... journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0363546508314402 by NS Cho - 2008 - Cited by 46 - Related articles Methods: Among patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs, 15 cases ... be treated with a single surgery and concomitant manipulation with overall ... [PDF]Shoulder stiffness in patients with rotator cuff tears www.e-aosm.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.14517/aosm15008 found that when repairing rotator cuff lesions in patients with diabetes, manipulation with capsular release .... shoulder stiffness and concomitant rotator cuff tears. Rotator Cuff Tear - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/rotator_cuff_tears Nov 20, 2016 - it is essential to document ROM deficits, since rotator cuff repair would not be expected ... distal clavicle excision (w/ concomitant arthrosis) Effect of arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery in patients with preoperative ... bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-016-0956-4 Feb 24, 2016 - Patients with RC pathology and concomitant stiffness showed significant ... The only study that has examined the impact of rotator cuff surgery ...
