دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تحریک نوروژنز هیپوکامپ از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تحریک نوروژنز هیپوکامپ با تمرین های فیزیکی و جلوگیری از زوال شناختی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Physical exercise induces hippocampal neurogenesis and prevents cognitive decline
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Neurogenesis, the production of neural cell-types from neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural progenitor cells (NPCs) occurs throughout life [1]. This new conception overturns the long-held dogma that the adult brain has no capacity for generating new neurons. Adult neurogenesis has been consistently observed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) ofthe lateral ventricles andthe subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus under normal conditions [2]. Neurons born in the SGZ can incorporate into the existing neural network of granule cells in the dentate gyrus [3,4]. Furthermore, new born adult dentate granule cells (DGCs) are believed to contribute to hippocampus-dependent functions such as learning and memory [5,6] and in particular pattern separation, defined as the ability to transform a set of similar input patterns into a less-similar set of output patterns in information processing [7,8]. Hippocampal neurogenesis reduction happens in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD),which are accompanied with cognitive decline [9–11]. Hence, promotion of the hippocampal neurogenesis has become a new insight to cure these diseases and to delay or halt brain aging. How to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis has captured the attention of many neuroscientists.Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain has been suggested as a dynamic process which is regulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors [12]. Hippocampal neurogenesis represents the regenerative capacity of adult mammalian brain and a striking form of brain plasticity. Interestingly, recent studies indicate that physical exercise regulates the proliferation, differentiation, survival and maturation of NPCs, andsupportthepositive correlationbetweenexercise-inducedhippocampal neurogenesis and cognition improvement [13–18].
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