دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین برنامه ریزی تست خودرو از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
یک رویکرد تحلیلی برای برنامه ریزی تست خودرو نمونه اولیه
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
An analytical approach to prototype vehicle test scheduling
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Literature review
Although certain aspects of the optimization problem addressed in this paper are specifically motivated by prototype vehicle test scheduling at Ford, it has some features of bin packing on the one hand, and parallel machine scheduling on the other, and can be viewed as an extension of both problems. In the classic bin packing problem, a set of items with different sizes needs to be packed into bins of limited capacities, and the minimum number of bins required is to be determined. There are extensive studies of this problem (see, e.g., [1]). In our setting, determining the minimum number of vehicles needed to perform all tests is akin to bin packing with non-identical bins (vehicles), whose capacity reflects the time interval during which the vehicle is available, and with additional restrictions on the compatibility of items (tests) to be assigned to the same bin. A paper in this area most closely related to our research is [2]. In it, the authors consider a variation of the bin packing problem with conflicts between items. The authors provide a set-partitioning formulation of the problem and propose a branch-and-price algorithm to solve it exactly, with the pricing problem solved as a knapsack problem with conflicts. Our problem, however, is more complex, since tests assigned to the same vehicle need to be scheduled as well. In the parallel machine scheduling problem, a set of timesensitive tasks with associated processing times need to be scheduled on a given set of machines, while minimizing a certain criterion, usually time-related, such as make-span or total tardiness. The literature on parallel machine scheduling has developed over several decades and contains a variety of models and algorithms; comprehensive surveys and comparisons between different solution strategies can be found in [3–5]. Associating machines with vehicles and jobs with tests, one can see many similarities between test scheduling and certain types of machine scheduling problems. Indeed, in machine scheduling jobs often have release and due dates, and test compatibility and sequencing restrictions can be represented by including setup times between jobs, setting them to very high values for tests that cannot be performed together or in a particular order. However, our test scheduling problem has several features that make it unique in the scheduling literature. In particular, machines are usually assumed to be available throughout the scheduling process, whereas prototype vehicles are released gradually during testing. Moreover, while specification of which machines are capable of executing which jobs is considered in the literature, whether a prototype vehicle has the features needed for a particular test is determined by the other tests assigned to this vehicle (see Section 3 for details), making a priori specification impossible. Finally, the objective of minimizing the number of vehicles used is fairly uncommon in the scheduling literature. In light of the above, in our review of machine scheduling literature we will focus on the papers that aim to minimize the number of machines used. We also discuss representative papers which emphasize sequencing aspects of scheduling in the presence of precedence constraints or setup times, especially those that utilize heuristic algorithms similar to the Fit-and-Swap heuristic we propose in Section 5, to emphasize relevant results as well as elucidate the distinct features of our problem.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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