دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین بحث مصرف داخلی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
بحث نابجا در مورد مصرف داخلی : نه فقط یک پدیده فروش مستقیم
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
he misplaced controversy about internal consumption: Not just a direct selling phenomenon
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله بحث مصرف داخلی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی ازمقاله انگلیسی :
Inventory loading occurs when members of the sales force purchase large quantities of their company’s products–—at a discounted price–—so as to qualify for a sales volume goal rather than to strictly meet the needs of the customer. The salesperson meets his or her volume goals and simultaneously receives commissions for purchases that might or might not be used for his or her personal consumption. Unfortunately, such inventory loading has cast a shadow upon members of the direct selling sales force who purchase product for personal use. This purchasing for personal use has been labeled as ‘internal consumption’ and has essentially created a stigma and negative buzz about the direct selling marketplace in general (Eisenstein, 2002). Peterson and Albaum (2007, p. 317) define internal consumption as ‘‘the practice of an employee or other type of company representative purchasing product or services at a discount from list or regular market price from his or her employer (or other principal) for his or her own use or consumption.’’ Webster v. Omnitrition International, Inc. (1996) included internal consumption as a component of an unlawful pyramid scheme and suggested that sale of a product to an ultimate user meant that the product sale was to a user outside of the selling organization (Peterson & Albaum, 2007). However, the BurnLounge decision draws a clear distinction between internal consumption and inventory loading, making it clear that internal consumption is legal aslong asthere islegitimate consumer demand for the company’s products (Thompson, 2014). Recently, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals offered its opinion with regard to internal consumption, declaring that internal consumption was legal if the products were purchased for legitimate personal use (Thompson, 2014). By equating internal consumption with inventory loading, antagonists have created an aura of general corruptionwith respectto directselling. We contend, however, that consumption by employees at a discounted rate,regardless ofthe marketplace context, is as American as apple pie and that internal consumption occurs in all areas of business–—not just direct selling. For example, an administrative assistant is noted as saying that the reason she switched employers, accepting a lower per-hour wage at a local university, was for the tuition benefit for her children.One hasto wonder why thisis differentfrom that of Jennifer Azzi, former university, Olympics, and women’s professional basketball player who evolved from being a user of USANA (a direct selling company marketing nutritional products) to being an endorser of the product to being a distributor of the product. Azzi said, ‘‘I’m using the products and telling everyone to take them.It’ssomething I believe in. IfI’m doing allthat, why wouldn’tI be a distributor?’’ (Direct Selling News, 2009). Thus,ifthe salesforce in the directselling marketplace is monitored for internal consumption, why are employees outside the direct selling marketplace not also monitored?
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله بحث مصرف داخلی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
How to Understand Language: A Philosophical Inquiry https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1317492293 Bernhard Weiss - 2014 - LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Not only are there the papers by Davidson but there is Putnam's use of the arguments (1981: ch. ... Rather, he would claim that its provenance stems from a misplaced empiricist epistemology ... Whatever controversy there is lies one step further back, namely, in the ... 5. that there is such an internal connection, given that the. Controversial Issues in Social Research Methods - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1461237564 Jerald Greenberg, Robert Folger - 2012 - Psychology ... and that their use precludes generalizability (Borgatta & Bohrnstedt, 1974; Ferber, 1977). ... used asthey should be about the internal validityof their operationalizations. ... concernover the representativeness ofthe samplemay be misplaced. B.F. Skinner: Consensus And Controversy - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1135389632 Sohan Modgil, Celia Modgil - 2005 - Psychology But what if this concernis misplaced? ... of human progress has been the improvement ofour descriptionof these things [internal states]« (1964,p. ... Complementarity« (Shepard, 1981), he argues that evolutionary constraints have ... These are unexceptional arguments, perhaps, but hemakes exceptional use of them.
