دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین ائتلاف ها در بازار کار اصطکاکی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اتحادیه ها در یک بازار کار اصطکاکی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Unions in a Frictional Labor Market
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Evidence on unions, wages and unemployment 96
Most workers in the OECD, outside the U.S., have their wages determined by union agree- 97 ments. This cross-country evidence is discussed by Nickell and Layard (1999), who report that 98 in most European countries, the share of workers covered by union wages exceeds 70%. An im- 99 portant feature of the cross-country evidence is that union coverage rates—the share of the labor 100 force whose wages are determined by union wage bargaining—generally exceed union member- 101 ship rates outside the US. Even in countries in which union membership rates are low, such as 102 France, within firms many nonunion workers are paid the union wage, and in many countries, 103 union wages are legally extended to cover nonunion firms as well. Visser (2003) also documents 104 union membership and coverage rates across countries, reporting an average coverage rate of 73% 105 across European countries for the period 1985–1997. While union membership has been on the Notes: The figure displays union coverage and density rates for 2013 based on data available from the International Labor Organization (www.ilo.org/ilostat/). Coverage refers to the share of workers to whom a collective agreement applies, and density to the share who are union members. The density for Argentina is from 2008, the most recent figure reported. 106 decline in Europe as well as in the U.S., coverage levels remain substantially higher in Europe, as Figure 1 shows.4 107 108 In terms of the effects of unions, Nickell and Layard (1999) show that a cross-country regres- 109 sion of unemployment on measures of union membership and coverage reveals a positive relation- 110 ship between union presence and unemployment. But there is also significant heterogeneity across 111 countries in the degree of centralization and coordination in union bargaining, as highlighted by 112 Calmfors and Driffill (1988), and it turns out that this positive relationship between union presence 113 and unemployment can be partly offset by measures of coordination in bargaining. 114 Nickell and Layard (1999) also report that union membership is associated with higher wages 115 on the individual level across countries. An extensive literature has studied this union/nonunion 116 wage gap, using a variety of data sources and econometric approaches. Lewis (1986) reviews 117 the literature for the U.S., concluding that the evidence points to an upper bound of 15% for theunion wage gap. More recently, Blanchflower and Bryson (2003) confirm that the estimates of 119 the wage gap have remained relatively stable, with perhaps a modest decline over time. They also 120 report estimates across countries, noting that in many European countries the extensive coverage 121 of union wages reduces these gaps. An important concern with the estimates of the union wage 122 gap in general involves selection on unobservables: It is likely that higher union wages attract 123 better workers, but the data do not allow these differences to be controlled for properly, biasing the 124 estimates of the wage gap. When DiNardo and Lee (2004) adopt a regression discontinuity design 125 to get around some of the issues, they find a negligible wage gap, seemingly contradicting a large body of evidence.5
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کلمات کلیدی:
Unions in a Frictional Labor Market | NEP-DGE Blog https://nepdge.wordpress.com/2015/11/18/unions-in-a-frictional-labor-market/ Nov 18, 2015 - We analyze a labor market with search and matching frictions where wage setting is controlled by a monopoly union. Frictions render existing ... Unions in a Frictional Labor Market by Per Krusell, Leena Rudanko ... https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2105964 by P Krusell - 2012 - Cited by 19 - Related articles Jul 14, 2012 - A labor market with search and matching frictions, where wage setting is controlled by a monopoly union that follows a norm of wage solidarity, ... Unions in a Frictional Labor Market by Leena Rudanko, Per Krusell ... https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2742046 by L Rudanko - 2016 - Related articles Mar 4, 2016 - Revised May 2016. We analyze a labor market with search and matching frictions in which wage setting is controlled by a monopoly union.
