دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین ارتقای فناوری شرکت از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
ارتقای فناوری شرکت های کوچک و متوسط (SME) با استفاده از یک استراتژی استقرار نیروی انسانی - مطالعه ترکیبی از برنامه T-Up سنگاپور
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Technology upgrading of Small-and-Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) through a manpower secondment strategy – A mixed-methods study of Singapore's T-Up program
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Background and description of the program
As Singapore transforms itself into a knowledge-based economy, the promotion of R&D has become a key strategy for driving economic growth. To support this growth strategy, there has been concerted effort to promote indigenous technological development in two spheres: the public sector comprising the universities and public research institutes; and the local industry comprising SMEs, larger local enterprises, and MNCs. To create a strong base of science and technology capability, the Singapore government has invested heavily in public sector research. Public research institutes with focus on key industrial clusters were established under the umbrella of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). These public research institutes have created substantial intellectual properties, and developed a large number of competent research scientists and engineers. At the same time, policy-makers recognized that the business paradigm under which the Singaporean companies had operated for many years was undergoing rapid change and these companies had to make major adjustments. Before the early 2000s, Singaporean companies could depend on the MNCs which readily transferred the latest technologies to their key supporting industry partners anywhere in the world. This traditional source of technology transfer started to diminish rapidly in many high-tech sectors as the time-to-market and product life-cycles became shorter and shorter. The global manufacturing outsourcing practice in recent years has also resulted in much reduced in-house manufacturing expertise in many MNCs. Therefore, as the supporting companies of these MNCs, many Singaporean companies that have indigenous technology and manufacturing know-how could become the preferred global partners of MNCs, be it in the global market place or even in the home countries of the MNCs. In other words, innovation and intellectual property creation have become critical success factors for the Singaporean companies to survive and thrive (Hang, 2007). This is especially important and urgent for firms in the manufacturing sector as they face keen competition from neighboring countries where the cost of labour is lower. In addition to creating strong local companies to support the MNCs, another industry strategy was to help more local SMEs create indigenous technologies and products/services that would enable them to compete in the global markets. If they continued to grow, some of these local companies could eventually establish themselves as MNCs with their roots and bases in Singapore. However, Singapore's SMEs faced many challenges that limited their ability to develop sophisticated and high-level technological capabilities. While there were generous assistance schemes to ease the financial burden of investing in R&D or technology in-sourcing, a main challenge was the shortage of R&D expertise. Many local SMEs had difficulties hiring degree holders due to their size and lack of reputation, let alone Ph.Ds or experienced researchers. A large proportion of the graduates from the local universities and researchers from the public research institutes chose to join MNCs, government, or the financial sector. Some of them left the country. Another major challenge was that some SMEs depended on the success of their previous subcontractor or OEM business and operated in a maintenance mode due to organizational inertia. The business owners of these SMEs simply did not have the ambition or foresight to upgrade their business. As a result, the R&D capabilities of the local SMEs remained poor – they lacked the absorptive capacity (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990) to work with other technology providers and were unable to generate indigenous innovation.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Technology and Innovation Policies for Small and Medium-Sized ... https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/186199/adbi-wp578.pdf 2016 - Related articles innovation-policies-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-east-asia/ ..... food, and pottery to upgrade their technology, improve their management, control. [PDF]The integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into global ... https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/4671/4466 by D Sikharulidze - 2014 - Cited by 1 - Related articles transition. By participating in a global value chain, domestic firms, particularly small and medium-scale enterprise (SMEs) can access technology, upgrade skills ... [PDF]IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMEs THROUGH - Unctad unctad.org/en/Docs/iteteb20051_en.pdf Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important agents of development ... that governments adopted for upgrading SMEs technological capacities. [PDF]Which Factors Determine the Upgrading of Small and Medium-Sized ... https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Studies_76.pdf of the upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. ... Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport on 26 June 2012. [PDF]Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Upgrading in Low- and Middle ... https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/DP_15.2013.pdf by C Reeg - 2013 - Cited by 9 - Related articles the technological-capability approach – as represented in the literature on ..... promote micro and small enterprises upgrading into higher employment size and.
