دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اثر ضمیمه کیسه توری در تجزیه چوب از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثرات ضمیمه کیسه توری و موریانه ها در تجزیه باقی مانده چوبی در یک جنگل نیمه گرمسیری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Effects of mesh bag enclosure and termites on fine woody debris decomposition in a subtropical forest
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Although less important than fungi in most environments, invertebrates play an important role in the decomposition of both plant litter (Seastedt 1984) and woody debris (Ulyshen 2016). Major mechanisms by which invertebrates influence wood decomposition include consumption and digestion, substrate alteration (e.g., tunneling and fragmentation) and interactions with decay fungi and other organisms (Ulyshen 2016). Wood-dwelling insects also have the potential to influence nitrogen dynamics in decomposing wood by accelerating the release of nutrients immobilized in fungal tissues and by promoting nitrogen fixation (Ulyshen 2015). Most studies of wood decomposition, including those aimed at measuring the contributions of invertebrates to the process, have focused on coarse woody debris (i.e., material >10 cm in diameter) whereas few efforts have considered the decomposition of fine woody debris. The smallest fine woody debris, e.g., small twig and branch material, remain almost entirely unstudied. Moreover, while a number of studies have shown that decomposition rates increase with decreasing wood diameter (Abbott & Crossley, 1982; Mackensen, Bauhus, & Webber, 2003; Müller-Using & Bartsch, 2009), nothing is known about how these patterns may be influenced by invertebrate activity. Termites in particular are known to discriminate based on resource size. Many studies have shown a preference for larger resources (Abe 1980), for instance, although some species are known to preferentially attack smaller resources, presumably to avoid competitive interactions with other taxa (Evans et al., 2005). In terms of wood volume consumed, subterranean termites belonging to at least five species of Reticulitermes (Rhinotermitidae) (Lim & Forschler, 2012) are the dominant wood-feeding insects in the southeastern United States (Ulyshen, Wagner, & Mulrooney, 2014). These organisms can cause considerable damage to wooden structures throughout the region but much remains unknown about their role in forested environments, including patterns of fine woody debris utilization. Methods used to assessthe contributions ofinvertebratesto terrestrial decomposition remain controversial (Kampichler & Bruckner, 2009; Ulyshen & Wagner, 2013). Mesh bags, for instance, are the most widely used method for excluding invertebrates in decomposition studies but these devices are known to alter microclimate (e.g., higher humidity) relative to unenclosed substrates (Lousier & Parkinson, 1976). Such effects may, in turn, inadvertently promote fungal activity withinmesh bags, potentially obscuring reductionsin decomposition caused by the exclusion of invertebrates. While such unintended effects, or “hidden treatments” (Huston 1997), clearly confound effortsto isolate the contributions ofinvertebrates to decomposition, this complication has received little attention from researchers. According to a recent review by Kampichler and Bruckner (2009), this uncertainty renders the findings from forty years of litterbag studies inconclusive. Very few studies have sought to determine whether decay rates are affected by mesh-bag effects but the findings from these efforts are mixed, suggesting that mesh bags may (Bradford, Tordoff, Eggers, Jones, & Newington, 2002; Siedentop 1995) or may not (Bokhorst & Wardle, 2013; Ulyshen 2014)significantly alter decomposition rates. Therefore, additional research is needed to establish methods for assessing the effects of mesh bags in future decomposition experiments and to finally determine how insects affect decomposition while accounting for mesh bag effects. This paper presents the results from a study aimed at testing the hypothesis that invertebrates play a significant role in the decomposition of fine woody debris. In addition, a novel method for testing for unintended effects of mesh exclusion bags on decomposition is described. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) mesh bags will accelerate the decomposition of enclosed woody substrates compared to unenclosed substrates that remain similarly unaffected by insect activity, i.e., mesh exclusion bags introduce a “hidden treatment” when used in decomposition experiments; (2) invertebrates contribute significantly to decomposition, especially after accounting for the effects of mesh bags; and (3) invertebrates more strongly influence the decomposition
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کلمات کلیدی:
Publicaciones forestales y relacionadas con bosques | Búsqueda de ... www.gfis.net/gfis/es/ja/search/recent+publications/145/ Who recreates where implications from a National Recreation Household Survey USFS ... Effects of mesh bag enclosure and termites on fine woody debris ... Allison Stoklosa | LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/allison-stoklosa-83476152 Greater Philadelphia Area - Fisheries Scientist at Academy of Natural Sciences - Academy of Natural Sciences This is especially true for fine woody debris (i.e. material less than 10cm in ... Preliminary findings show significant decreases in mass loss and strong evidence of termite activity and ... Effects of mesh bag enclosure and termites on fine woodydebris ... Uncertainty about how mesh bags used to exclude arthropods may affect ... Reticulitermes - 首页 en.ahau.findplus.cn/?h=search_list&query=DE... Translate this page Effects of mesh bag enclosure and termites on fine woody debris decomposition in a ... The termite reticulitermes flavipes (Rhinotermitidae: Isoptera) can acquire ... The role of microarthropods in terrestrial decomposition: a meta ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00078.x/abstract by C Kampichler - 2009 - Cited by 85 - Related articles May 27, 2009 - We discuss in detail the interactions of the microarthropod effect with study characteristics such as experimental design (e.g. number of bags, duration of experiment), ... effect but will be influenced by the additive effects of mesh size and ... Effects of mesh bag enclosure and termites on fine woody debris ... Interacting Effects of Insects and Flooding on Wood Decomposition journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0101867 by MD Ulyshen - 2014 - Cited by 9 - Related articles Jul 10, 2014 - In the current study, mesh exclusion bags were used to quantify how ... Flooding has also been shown to negatively affect termites [25]–[28] and ... Prof. Dr. Jörg Müller - Zoology - Department of Conservation and ... www.nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.de › Nationalpark Stoklosa, A.M., Ulyshen, M.D., Fan, Z., Varner, M., Seibold, S. & Müller, J. (2016) Effects of mesh bag enclosure and termites on fine woody debris decomposition ...
