دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین بررسی سیستماتیک روزنامه نگاری از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تکامل روابط عمومی و روزنامه نگاری: اولین سهم در بررسی سیستماتیک آن
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The co-evolution of public relations and journalism: A first contribution to its systematic review
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Approaches to the relationship between journalism and PR
In the 1980s, the relationship between PR and journalism became a topic of sustained interest in communication science, triggered above all by the publications of Baerns (1979, 1985; see also Altmeppen, Röttger & Bentele, 2004; Raupp and Klewes, 2004, amongst others). This is especially true of the German-language area: “This research program received attention and response particularly in German-speaking countries” (Baerns, 2007, p. 43).3 The influence of PR on journalism had been discussed once before, in the 1920s, forming a major part of the 7th German Sociologists’ Conference 1930 in Berlin (Brinkmann, 1931 /1985). As early as 1866, Wuttke (1866 /1875, pp. 118–124) had bemoaned the great influence on newspaper reporting of what were known as press offices (Pressbüros), of political parties in particular. And in 1952, in a systematic analysis ofthe use of(written) press releases in media coverage, Sodeikat(1953) ascertained thatthose were used with a high incidence.4 In some aspects, this study resembles the well-known investigation conducted by Baerns (1985), 5 which triggered the controversial 1980s discussion around what became known as the determination hypothesis. Baerns’ study posits that PR exerts considerable influence on the topics and timing of journalistic reporting (Baerns, 1985). However, subsequent studies, by Grossenbacher (1986), Fröhlich (1992), Rossmann (1993), Saffarnia (1993) or Schweda and Opherden (1995), for instance, arrived at differing results. As Schantel (2000; see also Hoffjann, 2002) has clearly demonstrated by means of a meta-analysis of these and other studies (e.g. Barth and Donsbach, 1992), the determination hypothesis could not in the end be confirmed, being too unidimensional and too undifferentiated. A more recent study by Riesmeyer also refutes the hypothesis that press releases determine the topics of journalistic reporting; the study uses the term “non-determination” (2006, p. 303). A Swiss input-output analysis on the reporting by regional TV and radio broadcasters of official media conferences, however, shows that “a good half of the reporting (. . .) shows no original content provided by the media outlets” (Grossenbacher, 2007). Thus, different studies continue to lead to differing results, depending also on variables such as the type of media or editorial department.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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