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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
هوش فضایی بصری در تبلیغ و گفتگوی روابط عمومی: موردی از روبرتو روسلینی در دوران آموزشی و مطالعات تاریخی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Visual-spatial intelligence in propaganda and public relations discourse: The case of Roberto Rossellini’s early and educational-historical films
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. The fascist trilogy
In order to understand Rossellini’s relations with fascist cinema it is necessary to know something of the conditions regarding Italian production between 1922 and 1945. Over 700 films were made during this period. Most were not works of propaganda, but intended to transfer the model of American commercial cinema to Italian idiosyncrasy (Gili, 1985). Fascism was basically a free market system and the cinema of the period, despite the high level of economic protectionism imposed by the state, responded primarily to the laws of supply and demand. Mussolini’s policy with regard to cinema was initially discreet and it was not until 1935, with the inauguration of the Centro Esperimentale di cinematografia, that policy began focusing on cinema’s propaganda value. The fascist cinema model was initially based on a policy of entertainment, particularly comedy with a sophisticated tone, distancing cinema from realist models and seeking systems to parallel the Italian historical past and the present. It was not until the 1940s that fascist cinema would adopt a more direct propaganda policy, based on vindicating the military crusades undertaken by Mussolini’s government in North Africa, Albania, and Greece (Quintana et al., 2005). During this period, Vittorio Mussolini, son of Il Duce, was editor of the magazine Cinema and one of the key figures in film policy. It is for this reason that some voices were raised within fascist circles in protest against the dominant trend of promoting evasion rather than a return to a realist cinema. The fear was that realism would reinstate the specific cultural, social and political character of Italy, show what fascist Italy really was, and thus, serve to educate the people (Seknadje-Ashkenazi, 2000). If we examine texts written at the time, we see that critical voices were first raised against the absence of an aggressive policy in the field of cinema. In his book on Italian cinema, Cauda (1932) noted the lack of a true Italian film industry and considered that the country’s film production should represent something that belongs to, identifies, and characterizes the Italians, “both in terms of their qualities and their defects” (p. 22). Cauda (1932) welcomed the existence of the International Institute for Educational Cinematography and the LUCE Institute (Union for Educational Cinematography), but called for the creation of a true National Film School. He also called for Italy to support “cinema aimed at education, propaganda, tourism, science, and social prevention” (p. 24) and for the cinema as spectacle to “be brought closer to true and real life” (p. 25). From this standpoint, Longanesi (1933) also beseeched the filmmakers of his country to abandon artificial scenery. The editor of the magazine Lo Schermo, Lando Ferretti, defended the idea of an industry that produced only two types of films: (1) documentaries, newsreels, and (2) fiction films where news of the day (e.g., the War in Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War autarky, the fascist youth) constituted the starting point and the frame of a tragic, dramatic or comic history lived by real people (Gili, 1985).
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کلمات کلیدی:
From propaganda to discourse (and back again): Truth, power, the ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259931866_From_propaganda_to_discours... On Jan 1, 2006 C. Kay Weaver published: From propaganda to discourse (and back again): Truth, power, the public interest and public relations. The Public Relations and the debate about propaganda in the period ... www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1809-58442014000100003&script=sci...tlng... by F Rüdiger - 2014 - Related articles The public relations and the debate about propaganda in the period ...... a new discourse, and based on that a concentrated effort was launched with the aim to ... Public Relations: Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1136764755 Jacquie L'Etang - 2012 - Business & Economics Certainly in dictatorial regimes this is how propaganda as discourse can be ... As we have argued, the merits of propaganda and public relations practice can ... Public Relations Review Government communication about ... - E-class https://eclass.uoa.gr/.../propaganda/Government%20communication%20about%20potent... by D Gelders - 2010 - Cited by 40 - Related articles Government public relations versus propaganda ... Using discourse theory Weaver, Motion, and Roper (2006), point out that what is considered as truth is highly ...
