دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین فرآیند خصوصی سازی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
محرک ها، انتظارات و نتایج حاصل از فرآیندهای خصوصی سازی 2000-2009 M&A از فعالیت صنعتی kibbutzim اسرائیل
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Motives, expectations and results of the 2000–2009 M&A privatization processes of the industrial activity of Israeli kibbutzim
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله فرآیند خصوصی سازی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Kibbutzim during the past two decades, like cooperatives worldwide, have undergone structural changes to adjust themselves to an external economic environment that is characterized by increasing competition and globalization. Similar to the changes in many cooperatives around the world (Chaddad & Cook, 2004; Royer Jeffrey, 1999), kibbutzim shifted from centralized control of all of their business units toward a decentralized model of management. The above structural changes were accelerated due to their serious financial crisis in the late 1980s, in which most of the kibbutzim collapsed financially and many industrial firms that were owned by the kibbutzim either closed or postponed their investment plans access to credit markets disappeared after the crisis. Some industrial firms that were established and owned by kibbutzim developed unique know (For example firms that manufacture irrigations systems and food processing) became very successful by utilizing their manufacturing knowhow abroad through erecting plants in the target countries. In order to overcome financial obstacles in the credit market, the kibbutzim started to raise capital through new methods that were not ideologically common before the crisis. These meth-ods included initial public offerings (IPOs) on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) with the help of private equity firms. In order to better understand the roots and the implications as well as the results of this new financial trend, one has to at least understand the basic features of the kibbutzim. The kibbutz was described by as a “whole cooperative” Buber (1950), uniting production and consumption within the same cooperative. Since the 1990s, kibbutzim have been transformed from the collective model into the market model, with salaries for the members of the kibbutz (Palgi, 2002). Kibbutzim that underwent these changes are of a new type of kibbutz that is called a “renewed kibbutz” (Russel, Hanneman, & Getz 2011). So far, the privatization has been primarily related to salaries, and the business units remained collectively owned by the kibbutz members (Russel et al., 2011). Privatized kibbutzim are managed by standards that are determined by the competitive environment (Levi, 2001), where the general assemblies of the kibbutzim intervene only in cases of significant crucial decisions.1 The changes in the managerial patterns of the industrial firms that are owned by kibbutzim included significant changes in kibbutz life. The total guarantee of the kibbutz for the common needs of its members has been reduced to a partial guarantee, and the level of communal cohesion has decreased.2 Similar to the findings of Fulton (1995) in Canada, Palgi (2002) also notes that the members of the kibbutzim have scarified the core values of cooperation and have become more individualistic. The privatization process also occurred along with demographic changes. The founding generation passed away, and the second generation grew old, with the third generation reachingmidlife. The fourth generation has started to manage the kibbutzim. In 2010, most of the labor inside the kibbutzim and their industrial firms was performed by nonmembers, while more than one-third of kibbutz members worked outside of their kibbutzim (Russel et al., 2011).
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله فرآیند خصوصی سازی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
[Motives of the career choice and expectations of the profession in ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8715574 by AC Viet - 1996 - Cited by 3 - Related articles [Motives of the career choice and expectations of the profession in nursing students]. ... In contrast to earlier research findings, there was a multitude of motives. motives, expectations, preparedness and academic ... - Elsevier www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-contabilidad-spanish-accounting-review-368-pdf-S11... Understanding the motives, expectations and preparedness of students is ... subject at school, academic self-confidence and university access scores were all ... Motives, Expectations, Perceptions and Satisfaction of ... - CiteSeerX citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.920.5787&rep=rep1&type... by S Min - 2012 - Cited by 16 - Related articles Nov 7, 2012 - the required data about the motives, expectations and perceptions as well .... show some satisfactory results in the education services (Michael ... [PDF]Tourist Motives, Expectations and Satisfaction - Wageningen UR E ... edepot.wur.nl/343833 To what extent do tourist motives and tourist expectations explain tourist satisfaction? ... the results show that tourist motives and tourist expectation partially. A study of accounting students' motives, expectations and ... www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03098770500103176 by M Byrne - 2005 - Cited by 190 - Related articles explores a range of factors which impact on their learning. More specifically ... Students' motives, expectations and preparedness for higher education not only. Emerging New Paradigms: A Guide to Fundamental Change in Local ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309087740 Transit Cooperative Research Program - 2003 - Choice of transportation One approach might be to convene them on a regular basis to examine actions they have taken, motives, expectations, approaches, and consequences. Achievement-Related Motives in Children https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1610446933 Charles P. Smith, Virginia C. Crandall - 1969 - Social Science These results were also obtained by De Pree" on a middle-class sample of 2nd grade girls. Comparing extreme and moderate levels of maternal expectations ...
