دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین شهاب سنگ از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
محیط شهاب سنگ در مسیر انتقال به مریخ
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Meteoroid environment on the transfer trajectories to Mars
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The case of Olympus spacecraft that experienced multiple anomalies on August 11, 1993, near the peak of the Perseid meteor shower emphasizes the importance of the investigation of the meteoroid and debris environment [4]. Another example is the Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) of XMM-Newton telescope which suffered at least 5 impact events during the first 6 years in orbit and one of these impacts permanently disabled a complete section of one CCD [8]. These are just some of the known cases which confirm that meteoroids and debris present serious threat to the operational spacecraft. Number of space missions performed in situ measurements of the meteoroid environment in the vicinity of the Earth and deeper into the Solar system, such as Space Flyer Unit (SFU) which recorded over 700 hypervelocity impact signatures [23]. Depending on the size, velocity, and location of a meteoroid impact, there are various hazards to the operational spacecraft. The processes that have been observed on returned surfaces [5,1] are surface degradation, structural penetration and plasma discharge [24]. There * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: dmarceta@matf.bg.ac.rs (D. Marceta), ˇ ssegan@matf.bg.ac.rs (S. Šegan), brasuo@mas.bg.ac.rs (B. Rašuo), mm03118@alas.matf.bg.ac.rs (K. Rackovic Babi ´ c). ´ are also other possible influences of the meteoroid (dust) environment on the spacecraft surfaces, such as so-called cold-spray phenomenon, which is characteristic of intermediate impact velocities [21]. Surface degradation occurs when the impacting meteoroid creates a crater in the spacecraft surface material which can change its optical and thermal properties and also reduce mechanical strength. On the other side, structural penetration presents the threat for pressurized containers which are part of almost every spacecraft as propellant tanks, gas storage of life support systems, etc. Because of the mass restrictions, these containers are usually designed only to support the internal pressure and if the impacting meteoroid has large kinetic energy, it can penetrate the container wall which will cause loss of pressure or a complete failure of the container’s structure. Another hazard, which is not explored enough, is the creation of a plasma cloud around the impact location. If the spacecraft is unevenly charged due to differences in the ultra-violet illumination from the Sun, the plasma created by the impact can create current between differently charged parts. This can make disturbances or destruction of the spacecraft electronic devices. There is speculation that the failure of Olympus spacecraft was the consequence of this mechanism [4]. Another problem that could arise from the high density of ions in the plasma cloud is the excessive current (short-circuiting) in the high-voltage instruments usuallyused for detection of the charged particles, which can lead to the destruction of the instruments [24].
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کلمات کلیدی:
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