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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
حساسیت در زمینه های بین فرهنگی پروژه ها
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Sensemaking in the cross-cultural contexts of projects
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Sensemaking
Individuals are continuously concerned with the question, “what is going on?” Hence, whether people are involved in social networks, organisational settings, or life in general, they are individually and interactively engaged in processes of sensemaking. “Sensemaking involves the ongoing, retrospective development of plausible images that rationalize what people are doing” (Weick et al., 2005: 409). Thus, in academic terms, sensemaking is a process of social construction that occurs when discrepant cues interrupt individuals' ongoing activity, and involves the retrospective development of plausible meanings that rationalise what people are doing. “Central to the development of plausible meanings is the bracketing of cues from the environment, and the interpretation of those cues based on salient frames. Sensemaking is thus about connecting cues and frames to create an account of what is going on” (Maitlis and Sonenshein, 2010: 551). However, sensemaking accounts take place within sociocultural contexts (O'Leary and Chia, 2007) to satisfy individuals' needs for achieving coherence, consistency and legitimacy in thoughts and actions. These mental connections have to be continuously enacted, reenacted, and modified by alternative experiences to proliferate interpretative schemas. O'Leary and Chia (2007) argue that equivocality is a basic condition of organisational life (an element of ontology), therefore selective censoring is a fundamental feature of the sensemaking process, i.e., an individual will actively select an aspect of experience and censor what s/he does not wish to attend to. Thus, Dunning and Bansal (1997) suggest that culture is an ‘informal institution’ that represents collective subjectivity, constrains behaviour, and structures political, economic and social interactions. “(T)he episteme of a culture organizes our sensorium ……. in such a way that we are made to attend to some types of stimuli rather than others by making an issue of certain ones while relatively neglecting other ones” (O'Leary and Chia, 2007: 395). Indeed, Morris (2013: 13) asserts that “…the effect of human behaviour on most project management knowledge areas…would suggest that more interpretive epistemologies are needed”. The process of sensemaking is rooted in phenomenological ontology and is inexorably nested in culture, both national and organisational (Harris, 1994; Ott, 1989). Many studies of culture are comparative and so, there is a need to adopt a formal, structural, etic approach to facilitate comparison and, for pragmatism, parsimony of dimensions (Williamson, 2002) (emic approaches indicate rather large numbers of dimensions to represent each culture which would yield a very large array for comparative studies). Thus, whether investigating national, societal, or organisational culture, realist ontology and positivist epistemology with nomothetic methodology are employed most commonly (Denison, 2015; Hofstede, 2001; Hofstede et al., 2010; House et al., 2001). More generally, Morris (2013) accords with that perspective in stating “Critical Realism seems to address this [knowledge] problem sensibly, proposing that there is a reality out there but that our knowledge of it is inevitably partial…” ([ ] added; p. 14). Consequently, as individuals endeavour to make sense of the continuous, complex, ambiguous and equivocal dynamics of project management, the adoption of ‘becoming ontology’ is advocated (Winter et al., 2006).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Cross culture project management - Cultural Forces Shaping Project ... https://www.pmi.org › Learning › Library In doing so, it explains why project managers must understand the cultural forces shaping ... It defines the concept of culture and six rules for working across cultures. ... In high-context cultures, what is said does not include all the meaning. Cross-cultural contexts of research: factors ... - LSE Research Online eprints.lse.ac.uk/24380/.../Cross-cultural%20contexts%20of%20research%28lsero%29.p... by G Stald - 2008 - Cited by 14 - Related articles Stald, Gitte and Haddon, Leslie (2008) Cross-cultural contexts of research: factors influencing ... A project funded by the EC Safer Internet Plus Programme. Sensemaking in the cross-cultural contexts of projects | ICCPM Digital ... https://library.iccpm.com/content/sensemaking-cross-cultural-contexts-projects Jun 3, 2016 - Highlights • Cultural sensemaking is explored as the theoretical underpinning. • Culture's impact on sensemaking in cross-cultural ... Knowledge creation and transfer in a cross‐cultural context—empirical ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/kpm.282/pdf by F Kohlbacher - 2007 - Cited by 42 - Related articles Consequently, cultural differences and cross-cultural contexts play an essential ... presents a case study resulting from a current empirical research project on ... Managing Cross Cultural Differences in Projects Abstract Introduction ... https://www2.gwu.edu/.../2009%20PMI%20Anbari%20Cultural%20Differences.pdf by M Ruggia - 2009 - Related articles Effective use of cross-cultural project teams can provide a source of experience and ... others, attitudes toward time, risk, control, context, and the environment. [PDF]cultural differences in project management - Annales Universitatis ... www.oeconomica.uab.ro/upload/lucrari/1220102/18.pdf by RD Elena - Cited by 37 - Related articles the paper are to see the impact of cultural differences of project management, to find the .... There are four steps framework for effective cross-cultural project management: .... Yet, they are not tailored to the context of project management.
